Teach the 3R's, in order!
There's a reason that recycling comes third, and yet it seems to be the 'R' that most people think of first. If we teach students to reduce their consumption and reuse what they can from a young age there will be hope for a less consumeristic generation. Schools should track energy and water consumption and make goals for reducing them. If teachers were to present this information to students daily, this could motivate them to shut down computers when not in use, turn off lights when they leave a room, be more conservative with their water use etc. The importance of small changes like those is not so much in their individual impact; but in the fact that students will become accustomed to considering the sustainability of their actions.